The Historical Geography explores the geographies of the past. The subject tries to reconstruct through the historical information, the geographical situation of a space (at various scales), a given point in time (cross-sectional), the evolution of its geographical situation between periods (over time).

The physiognomy of European space in critical historic periods. Emphasis on the Greek classical period (5th century b.C.), the Roman Empire (2nd century a.C.), the Byzantine Empire and the appearance of the German race (4th-6th century a.C.), the creation of the French Empire (9th century a.C.), the strengthening of the Christian West (14th-15th century a.C.), Renaissance Europe and the creation of the first national states (16th century a.C.) and, finally, on Europe of the great economic development as a result of Colonialism and the Industrial Revolution (19th century).